Westmore · UDRP DecisionGroupeleduff-eu.com
The Panel ordered transfer of <groupeleduff-eu.com>. It found the domain confusingly similar to the Complainant’s GROUPE LE DUFF trademark because it incorporated the mark in its entirety with the addition of “eu.” The Complainant established a prima facie case that the Respondent lacked rights or legitimate interests, which the unanswered record did not rebut. The Panel also found bad-faith registration and use based on the distinctive mark, the Respondent’s inferred prior knowledge, the domain’s composition, the absence of a Response, and the lack of any conceivable good-faith use, applying the passive-holding principle.
The timeline behind groupeleduff-eu.com
Registration, the decision and the archived record of what this domain actually displayed — from public RDAP and the Internet Archive.
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The case illustrates how a domain that reproduces a distinctive mark and adds a short geographic or organizational acronym may simultaneously support confusing similarity, undermine any claim to legitimacy, and suggest false affiliation. It also demonstrates that the absence of an active respondent-operated website does not preclude a bad-faith finding when the mark is distinctive, the respondent defaults, and the panel finds no conceivable good-faith use.
Result of record. The panel's reasoning and decisive facts behind each element are in the Intelligence dossier below.
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION Holding Le Duff “HLD” v. Franck James Case No. D2019-0150 1. The Parties The Complainant is Holding Le Duff “HLD” of Rennes, France, represented by SCAN Avocats, France. The Respondent is Franck James of Opdyke, Illinois, United States of America. 2. The Domain Name and Registrar The disputed domain name <groupeleduff-eu.com> is registered with Google Inc. (the “Registrar”). 3. Procedural History The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on January 23, 2019. On January 23, 2019, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain name. On January 24, 2019, the Registrar transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming that the Respondent is listed as the registrant and providing the contact details. The Center verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy” or “UDRP”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”). In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2 and 4, the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on January 24, 2019. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5, the due date for Response was February 13, 2019. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent’s default on February 14, 2019. The Center appointed Knud Wallberg as the sole panelist in this matter on February 22, 2019. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7. 4. Factual Background The Complainant, Holding Le Duff “HLD”, known under the name, the Group Le Duff, was established in 1976. It is currently leader in the international bakery café market with more than 1,658 restaurants and bakeries in 80 countries worldwide through its various restaurant brands. The Complainant owns European Union Trade Mark (“EUTM”) registration No. 001146851 for the word mark GROUPE LE DUFF, registered on June 20, 2000, for goods and services of Classes 29, 30, 32, 35 and 42 of the Nice Classification. The Complainant also owns United States of America Trade Mark Registration No. 5572759 for the figurative mark GROUPE LE DUFF, registered on October 2, 2018, for goods and services of Classes 16, 29, 30, 35, 36, 38, 39 41, 42, and 43 of the Nice Classification. The Complainant’s official website is located at “www.groupeleduff.com”. The disputed domain name was registered on October 19, 2017 and does not resolves to an active website. 5. Parties’ Contentions A. Complainant The Complainant contends: (i) that the disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the GROUPE LE DUFF trademark in which it has rights. The disputed domain name incorporates the GROUPE LE DUFF trademark in its entirety and differs from the trademark only by the addition of the acronym for the European Union “eu”; (ii) that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. The Respondent is not a licensee of the Complainant nor has the Respondent been authorized or allowed by the Complainant to make any use of its GROUPE LE DUFF trademark. Also, the Respondent is not in any way related to the Complainant and it does not carry out any activity for or has any business with the Complainant, nor is the Respondent currently known and has never been known under the name “Groupe Le Duff”; (iii) that the disputed domain name was registered and used in bad faith. It is thus inconceivable that the Respondent registered the disputed domain name without knowledge of the Complainant’s trademark. The fact that the disputed domain name is not used actively by the Respondent does not prevent a finding of bad faith since the facts of the case attests the Respondent’s bad faith according to the theory of passive detention. B. Respondent The Respondent did not reply to the Complainant’s contentions. 6. Discussion and Findings According to paragraph 15(a) of the Rules the Panel shall decide the Complaint in accordance with the Policy, the Rules and any rules and principles of law that it deems applicable. Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy directs that a complainant must prove each of the following: (i) that the domain name registered by the respondent is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the complainant has rights; (ii) that the respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name; and (iii) that the domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith. Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy states that the burden of proving that all these elements are present lies with the Complainant. At the same time, in accordance with paragraph 14(b) of the Rules, if a party, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, does not comply with any provision of, or requirement under, the Rules, or any request from the Panel, the Panel shall draw such inferences therefrom as it considers appropriate. A. Identical or Confusingly Similar The Panel finds that the disputed domain name <groupeleduff-eu.com> is confusingly similar (in the sense of the Policy) to the Complainant’s registered trademark GROUPE LE DUFF because it contains the mark in its entirety with the addition of the acronym “eu”. The generic Top-Level Domain (“gTLD”) “.com” does not dispel a finding of confusing similarity in the present case. The Panel finds that the conditions in paragraph 4(a)(i) of the Policy are therefore fulfilled in relation to the disputed domain name. B. Rights or Legitimate Interests It is clear from the facts of the case that the Complainant has not licensed or otherwise permitted the Respondent to use its trademark and given the circumstances of this case, the Panel finds that the Complainant has established a prima facie case that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. The Respondent has not produced, and there is no evidence of the types of circumstances set out in paragraph 4(c) of the Policy that might give rise to rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name on the part of the Respondent in these proceedings. Moreover, the Panel finds that the composition of the disputed domain name is such that it effectively impersonates or suggests sponsorship or endorsement by the Complainant. See section 2.5.1 of the WIPO Overview of WIPO Panel Views on Selected UDRP Questions, Third Edition (“WIPO Jurisprudential Overview 3.0 ”). Consequently, the Panel finds that the condition in paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy is also fulfilled. C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith Paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy requires the Complainant to prove both registration and use of the disputed domain name in bad faith. Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy provides examples of circumstances which shall be evidence of registration and use in bad faith: (i) circumstances indicating that the respondent has registered or has acquired the domain name primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring the domain name registration to the complainant who is the owner of the trademark or service mark or to a competitor of that complainant, for valuable consideration in excess of the respondent’s documented out-of-pocket costs directly related to the domain name; or (ii) the respondent has registered the domain name in order to prevent the owner of the trademark or service mark from reflecting the mark in a corresponding domain name, provided that the respondent has engaged in a pattern of such conduct; or (iii) the respondent has registered the domain name primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business of a competitor; or (iv) by using the domain name, the respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to its website or other online location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the respondent’s website or location or of a product or service on the respondent’s website or location. Accordingly, for the Complainant to succeed, the Panel must be satisfied that the disputed domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith. Given the circumstances of the case, including the evidence on record of the use of the Complainant’s trademark GROUPE LE DUFF, and the distinctive nature of this mark, it is inconceivable to the Panel in the current circumstances that the Respondent registered the disputed domain name without prior knowledge of the Complainant and the Complainant’s mark. Further, the Panel finds that the Respondent could not have been unaware of the fact that it chose a domain name, which could attract Internet users in a manner that is likely to create confusion for such users. The Panel therefore finds that the disputed domain name was registered in bad faith. The disputed domain name is used for what appears to be a standard parking site provided by the Respondent’s host. However, as first stated in Telstra Corporation Limited v. Nuclear Marshmallows , WIPO Case No. D2000‑0003, and repeated in many subsequent decisions under the UDRP: “the concept of a domain name ‘being used in bad faith’ is not limited to positive action; inaction is within the concept. That is to say, it is possible, in certain circumstances, for inactivity by Respondent to amount to the domain name being used in bad faith.” Noting that the disputed domain name incorporates the Complainant’s distinctive trademark GROUPE LE DUFF, together with the common acronym “eu” and the gTLD “.com”, that no Response has been filed and that there appears to be no conceivable good faith use that could be made by the Respondent of the disputed domain name, and considering all the facts and evidence, the Panel finds that the requirements of paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy are also fulfilled in this case. 7. Decision For the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the disputed domain name, <groupeleduff-eu.com> be transferred to the Complainant. Knud Wallberg Sole Panelist Date: March 8, 2019
Source of record: WIPO . Reproduced for research; WIPO is the authoritative source.
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