Westmore · UDRP DecisionIqos-shops.com
The Panel ordered transfer of <iqos-shops.com>. It found the domain confusingly similar to the Complainant’s IQOS trademark, that the Respondent lacked rights or legitimate interests, and that the domain was registered and used in bad faith to attract Internet users for commercial gain through confusion. The associated website purported to sell IQOS products, claimed to be an official IQOS website, reproduced IQOS material, lacked a clear non-affiliation disclaimer, and also offered competing third-party tobacco products.
The timeline behind iqos-shops.com
Registration, the decision and the archived record of what this domain actually displayed — from public RDAP and the Internet Archive.
Westmore reconstructs the full history behind iqos-shops.com — from public RDAP and the Internet Archive — as part of UDRP Intelligence:
The decision illustrates how a trademark-plus-retail-term domain can create implied affiliation when paired with an online store claiming official status. It also shows why purported reseller use may fail the Oki Data analysis where the site lacks a clear disclaimer and sells competing products.
Result of record. The panel's reasoning and decisive facts behind each element are in the Intelligence dossier below.
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION Philip Morris Products S.A. v. Yvoone Ku Case No. D2021-0458 1. The Parties The Complainant is Philip Morris Products S.A., Switzerland, represented by D.M. Kisch Inc., South Africa. The Respondent is Yvoone Ku, Taiwan Province of China. 2. The Domain Name and Registrar The disputed domain name <iqos-shops.com> is registered with GoDaddy.com, LLC (the “Registrar”). 3. Procedural History The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on February 15, 2021. On February 15, 2021, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain name. On February 15, 2021, the Registrar transmitted by email to the Center its verification response disclosing registrant and contact information for the disputed domain name which differed from the named Respondent and contact information in the Complaint. The Center sent an email communication to the Complainant on February 17, 2021 providing the registrant and contact information disclosed by the Registrar, and inviting the Complainant to submit an amendment to the Complaint. The Complainant filed an amended Complaint on February 18, 2021. The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amended Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy” or “UDRP”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”). In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2 and 4, the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on March 19, 2021. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5, the due date for Response was April 8, 2021. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent’s default on April 9, 2021. The Center appointed Sok Ling Moi as the sole panelist in this matter on April 16, 2021. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7. 4. Factual Background The Complainant is part of the group of companies affiliated to Philip Morris International Inc., which is one of the world’s leaders in manufacturing and selling tobacco products, including its Marlboro cigarettes launched in 1972. In seeking to transform its business from combustible cigarettes, the Philip Morris Group of Companies developed and launched the IQOS heating device, which allows specially designed tobacco products to be inserted and heated to generate a flavorful nicotine-containing aerosol. The IQOS system also consists of an IQOS pocket charger specially designed to charge the IQOS holder (collectively referred to as “the IQOS products”). The IQOS products were first launched in Japan in 2014, and are now available for sale in official IQOS stores, websites (such as “www.iqos.co.il”), and authorized distributors and retailers in more than 40 markets across the world. The IQOS products are however not yet available for sale in Taiwan Province of China or mainland China, where the Respondent is purportedly based. The Complainant has registered the IQOS trade mark in several jurisdictions around the world, including the following Taiwanese trade mark registrations: Jurisdiction Mark Class Registration No. Registration Date Taiwan Province of China IQOS (word) 9, 34 1718976 July 16, 2015 Taiwan Province of China IQOS (word) 14, 18, 25, 35 1921980 June 16, 2018 Taiwan Province of China IQOS (device) 9, 34 2003604 August 1, 2019 Taiwan Province of China IQOS (device) 35 1927293 July 16, 2018 The disputed domain name was registered on January 26, 2021. According to the evidence submitted by the Complainant, the disputed domain name resolved to a website which purported to offer the IQOS products and other third party competing tobacco products for sale. 5. Parties’ Contentions A. Complainant The Complainant contends that the disputed domain name is confusingly similar to its trade mark. The Complainant contends that as the Complainant has not licensed or otherwise authorized the Respondent to use its trade mark, and the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name. The Complainant contends that the disputed domain name has been registered and used to create confusion and mislead Internet users into believing that the Respondent’s website is in some way connected with or endorsed by the Complainant. The Complainant therefore contends that the Respondent has registered and is using the disputed domain name in bad faith. For all of the above reasons, the Complainant requests for the transfer of the disputed domain name to the Complainant. B. Respondent The Respondent did not reply to the Complainant’s contentions. 6. Discussion and Findings Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy directs that a complainant must prove each of the following three elements to obtain an order for the disputed domain name to be cancelled or transferred: (i) the disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trade mark or service mark in which the complainant has rights; and (ii) the respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name; and (iii) the disputed domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith. On the basis of the arguments and evidence introduced by the Complainant, the Panel concludes as follows: A. Identical or Confusingly Similar The Panel accepts that the Complainant has rights in IQOS by virtue of its use and registration of the same as a trade mark. The disputed domain name effectively incorporates the Complainant’s trade mark IQOS in its entirety. The addition of the hyphen “-” and the descriptive English word “shops” is not sufficient to distinguish or differentiate the disputed domain name from the Complainant’s trade mark. The addition of the generic Top‑Level Domain (“gTLD”) “.com” in this case does not prevent a finding of confusing similarity. Consequently, the Panel finds that the disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the Complainant’s trade mark. Accordingly, the Complainant has satisfied the requirements of the first element under paragraph 4(a) of the Policy. B. Rights or Legitimate Interests Under paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy, a complainant bears the burden of establishing that the respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. However, once the complainant makes a prima facie showing under paragraph 4(a)(ii), the burden of production shifts to the respondent to establish its rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. It may do so by demonstrating any of the following, without limitation, under paragraph 4(c) of the Policy: (i) before any notice to it of the dispute, the respondent’s use of, or demonstrable preparations to use, the disputed domain name or a name corresponding to the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services; or (ii) the respondent has been commonly known by the disputed domain name, even if it has acquired no trade mark or service mark rights; or (iii) the respondent is making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the trade mark or service mark at issue. See Taylor Wimpey PLC, Taylor Wimpey Holdings Limited v. honghao Internet foshan co, ltd , WIPO Case No. D2013-0974 . The Complainant has clearly established that the Respondent is not in any way affiliated with the Complainant or otherwise authorized or licensed to use the IQOS trade mark. There is also no evidence suggesting that the Respondent is commonly known by the disputed domain name or that the Respondent has any rights in the term “iqos”. The Panel notes that the Respondent was using the disputed domain name to publish a website that purports to offer the IQOS products for sale. However, there does not appear to be any clear statement or disclaimer on the Respondent’s website to indicate that it is, in fact, not affiliated with the Complainant; in fact, it claims to be the official website for the IQOS products. Furthermore, the Respondent’s website offers other third party tobacco products in competition with the Complainant’s tobacco products. The Respondent would not be able to avail itself of the safe harbour defence established by the Oki Data case ( Oki Data Americas, Inc. v. ASD, Inc. , WIPO Case No. D2001-0903 ). The Panel does not find such use to be bona fide use of the disputed domain name for the purposes of the Policy. The Panel is satisfied that the Complainant has made out a prima facie showing that the Respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. The burden of production thus shifts to the Respondent to establish its rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. Since the Respondent has failed to respond, the prima facie case has not been rebutted. The Panel therefore finds that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. Accordingly, the Complainant has satisfied the requirements of the second element under paragraph 4(a) of the Policy. C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy sets out four circumstances which, without limitation, shall be evidence of the registration and use of the disputed domain name in bad faith, namely: (i) primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring the domain name registration to the complainant who is the owner of the trade mark or service mark or to a competitor of the complainant, for valuable consideration in excess of the respondent’s documented out-of-pocket costs directly related to the disputed domain name; or (ii) the respondent has registered the disputed domain name in order to prevent the owner of the trade mark or service mark from reflecting the mark in a corresponding domain name, provided that the respondent has engaged in a pattern of such conduct; or (iii) the respondent has registered the disputed domain name primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business of a competitor; or (iv) by using the disputed domain name, the respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to the respondent’s website or other online location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the respondent’s website or location or of a product or service on the respondent’s website or location. There is no doubt that that the Respondent was aware of the Complainant and its trade mark when it registered the disputed domain name, given that it has purported to offer the IQOS products for sale. The Panel determines that the Respondent’s purpose of registering the disputed domain name was to trade on the reputation of the Complainant and its trade mark by diverting Internet users seeking the Complainant’s IQOS products and services to its own website for financial gain. The disputed domain name incorporates the Complainant’s IQOS mark in its entirety and thus carries a risk of implied affiliation. The addition of the English word “shops” may contribute to the confusion as Internet users may mistakenly believe the disputed domain name to be the Complainant’s officially endorsed website or e-commerce shop offering the IQOS products for sale. The reproduction of the Complainant’s trade mark and copyrighted images of the IQOS products on the Respondent’s website without also displaying a clear disclaimer of a lack of relationship between the Respondent and the Complainant is a further indication of bad faith. In fact, based on the evidence submitted by the Complainant, the Panel notes that the said website claims to be the official website for the IQOS products, targeting customers in Taiwan Province of China. This creates the false impression that the Complainant has officially introduced the IQOS system into the Taiwanese market. The Panel is satisfied that the Respondent intends to take advantage of the fame of the Complainant’s trade mark to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to its website by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s mark as to source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the Respondent’s website. As such, the Panel is satisfied that the Respondent is using the disputed domain name in bad faith for financial gain, and the Panel finds that the circumstances referred to in paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy are applicable to the present case. Furthermore, efforts to send the Written Notice to the Respondent at the physical address provided by the Respondent to the Registrar (and in turn to the Center) failed, which suggests that the Respondent had provided false or incomplete contact details at the time of registering the disputed domain name. This further suggests a lack of bona fide . Taking into account all the circumstances, it is adequate to conclude that the Respondent has registered and is using the disputed domain name in bad faith. Accordingly, the Complainant has satisfied the requirements of the third element under paragraph 4(a) of the Policy. 7. Decision For the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the disputed domain name <iqos-shops.com> be transferred to the Complainant. Sok Ling Moi Sole Panelist Date: May 1, 2021
Source of record: WIPO . Reproduced for research; WIPO is the authoritative source.
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